Saturday 27 March 2010

Jesus' Last Retreat


Sat. pre-Passion Week Sat27. March
Jn 11:45-56

Abbot Mark.

Introd. Mass – Sat 5th Week Lent

The have decided that Jesus must be die. The raising of Lazarus from the dead was for them the last straw. People were believing in Jesus and the religious authorities concluded that if too many people followed Him the Romans would send in the army and destroy their privileges.

Caiaphas’ statement a man dying for the people was prophetic – though he probably didn’t realize it himself. It reflected a hardness of that was more the product of him considerations than divine inspiration. He was a man whose mind was not enlightened by the Spirit of God. Caiaphs did not grasp that the words of Jesus and the deeds he performed were signs showing that he was the Christ. We, too, need to have our eyes opened, to be moved in heart, if we are to know the truth of Jesus and let him live in our lives.

Penitential Rite.

  1. Lord, open our minds to your Son’s saving work in the Gospels.
  2. Lord open our eyes to see you in the people and happenings of each day.
  3. Lord, Alert us to the promptings of your Spirit in our hearts.

Prayer of the Faithfull.

God our Father, we ask you to hear us as we pray for these and all our needs,

Through Christ our Lord.

____________________________________________________________

Scripture Bulletin goes online


The Catholic Biblical Association of Great Britain has just launched a website in time for Easter.


To visit the website see: www.cbagb.org.uk

- - - Immediately after the Second Vatican Council, the association made history by producing a Catholic edition of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, published by the Catholic Truth Society in 1966.

_______________________________________________________________


Jesus' Last Retreat – Ephraim Taybeh 35m from Jerusalem


Interest in Ephraim Jn. 11.54 did never arise to me until visiting the Holy Land 2003-4.

In the pre-Passion Week of 2004, the Biblical Course first brought the references alive but, as the part of the awakening experience of the holy places, my visit to Ephraim-Taybey was of even more lasting love of the pathways ways of Jesus.

RSV

John 11:53 So from that day on they took counsel how to put him to death.

John 11:54 Jesus therefore no longer went about openly among the Jews, but went from there to the country near the wilderness, to a town called E'phraim; and there he stayed with the disciples.

John 11:55 Now the Passover of the Jews was at hand, and many went up from the country to Jerusalem before the Passover, to purify themselves.

John 11:56 They were looking for Jesus and saying to one another as they stood in the temple, "What do you think? That he will not come to the feast?"

John 11:57 Now the chief priests and the Pharisees had given orders that if any one knew where he was, he should let them know, so that they might arrest him.


Ephaim Taybeh Jn 21 Lk 17 12


http://www.taybeh.info/en/histoire.php

II. Taybeh, from the Pentecost to Today


Events

Dates

History of Taybeh-Ephraim


ROMAN PERIOD (60 BC. - 358 AD.)



Death and Resurrection

30

Retreat of Jesus Christ before his Passion. (Jn 11,54)

Fall of Jerusalem

70

Vespasien establishes garrisons in Bethel and Ofrah.(Flavius Joseph, "The War of the Jews against the Romans", chap.33)

BYZANTINE PERIOD(358 - 638)



Flourishing of Christianism

IVs.

Eusebe of Cesarea in his Onomasticon locates the retreat of the Christ in EPHREM (The town is 8km away from Bethel and 35 from Jerusalem


VIs.

Construction of 2 byzantine churches and byzantine monastery around Taybeh.
Ephraim is mentioned on the Madaba (Jordan) map: "Ephron or Ephraim, town where the Christ came".


III. Legend of Taybeh-Ephraim

- - - see more from the ORAL TRADITION


The amazing history is to be found in the stunning Website of the:

Taybeh’s Latin Parish.

http://www.taybeh.info/en/histoire.php

The Website opens the whole story,
much wider beyond the memory from the Chronicle of my Sojourn.

Holy Land Chronicle 13

Passion Week 2004

In my end is my beginning. (Four Quartets)

What we call the beginning is often the end.

And to make an end is to make a beginning.

The end is where we start from. (Little Gidding. T. S. Eliot)

Ephraim, ‘last retreat’ last Fri-Sat of Lent; Jn 12,32 Transjordan where Baptist had begun, earlier Jn 11,45-57 Jesus town of Ephraim

Jn 11, 54 Ephraim (2)

(2) The town near the wilderness to which Jesus retired after the raising of Lazarus (Joh_11:54). This probably corresponds to Ephrem of Eusebius, Onomasticon (s.v. “Afra”) 5 Roman miles East of Bethel. This may be the place named along with Bethel by Josephus (BJ, IV, ix, 9). It probably answers to eṭ-Ṭaiyebeh, a large village about 4 miles North of Beitin. The antiquity of the site is attested by the cisterns and rock tombs. It stands on a high hill with a wide outlook including the plains of Jericho and the Dead Sea. See EPHRON.

Ephraim-TAYBEH TWO BOOKS: The Christian Heritage in the Holy Land, ISBN 1 900269 06 6, 1995, Ed. Anthony O’Mahony, see J. Murphy-O’Conner, “Pre-Constantine Christian Jerusalem” pp. 13-21

Patterns of the Past, Prospects for the Future, ISBN 1 901764 10 9, 1999, Ed. Hummel etc, see J Murphy O’Connaer, “Bringing to Light the Original Holy Sepulchre Church pp. 69-84.

It is no wonder that Ecole Biblique is NOT the full name for the Dominican centre in Jerusalem. The full title is deservedly used, École Biblique et Archéologique Francaise de Jérusalem. (Web: http://ebaf.op.org ).

Note in the former book, a picture of the Holy Sepulchre Palm Sunday Procession c.1899, fig 8. Our Palm Sunday procession, more appropriately was from Bethphage to (the Temple) Bethesda.

I have to hurry if I am to get through any account of Palm Sunday Chronicle before the Easter celebrations are upon us. There is so much to observe, and a rather resistant sponge of the mind can only absorb so much – no wonder we speak of ‘absorbing’ interest. –

“Old men ought to be explorers

Here or there does not matter

We must be still and still moving

Into another intensity

For a further union, a deeper communion

Through the dark cold and the empty desolation,

The wave cry, the wind cry, the vast waters

Of the petrel and the porpoise. In my end is my beginning”. (TS Eliot)

Friday 26 March 2010

Saint John of Egypt


Saturday, 27 March 2010


SAINT JOHN OF EGYPT

(+ 394)

Till he was twenty-five, John worked as a carpenter with his father. Then feeling a call from God, he left the world and committed himself to a holy solitary in the desert. His master tried his spirit by many unreasonable commands, bidding him roll the hard rocks, tend dead trees, and the like. John obeyed in all things with the simplicity of a child.

After a careful training of sixteen years he withdrew to the top of a steep cliff to think only of God and his soul. The more he knew of himself, the more he distrusted himself. For the last fifty years, therefore, he never saw women, and seldom men. The result of this vigilance and purity was threefold: a holy joy and cheerfulness which consoled all who conversed with him; perfect obedience to superiors; and, in return for this, authority over creatures, whom he had forsaken for the Creator.

St. Augustine tells us of his appearing in a vision to a holy woman, whose sight he had restored, to avoid seeing her face to face. Devils assailed him continually, but John never ceased his prayer.

From his long communings with God, he turned to men with gifts of healing and prophecy. Twice each week he spoke through a window with those who came to him, blessing oil for their sick and predicting things to come. A deacon came to him in disguise, and he reverently kissed his hand. To the Emperor Theodosius he foretold his future victories and the time of his death.

The three last days of his life John gave wholly to God: on the third he was found on his knees as if in prayer, bud his soul was with the blessed. He died in 394.

Lives of the Saints, by Alban Butler, Benziger Bros. ed. [1894]

Saturday of the Fifth week of Lent
Holy Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Saint John 11:45-56.

Saint Cyril of Alexandria (380-444), Bishop, Doctor of the Church

Commentary on the letter to the Romans, 15, 7

"To gather into one the dispersed children of God"

It is written that: «We, though many, are one body in Christ and individually parts of one another» (Rom 12,5), for Christ gathers us into a unity by bonds of love: «He made both one and broke down the dividing wall of enmity... abolishing the law with its commandments and legal claims that he might create in himself one new person in place of two» (Eph 2,14-15). Therefore we ought to have the same feelings towards each other: «If one part suffers, all the parts suffer with it; if one part is honoured, all the parts share its joy» (1Cor 12,26). Hence, as Saint Paul again says: «Welcome one another as Christ welcomed you, for the glory of God» (Rom 15,7). Let us welcome each other if we would share these same feelings. «Let us bear one another's burdens; striving to preserve unity of Spirit through the bond of peace» (Eph 4,2-3). This is how God has welcomed us in Christ. For that man spoke truly when he said: «God so loved the world that he gave us his only Son» (Jn 3,16). For indeed the Son was given as a ransom for the lives of all of us and we have been liberated from death, set free from death and sin.

Saint Paul illuminates the outline of this plan of salvation when he says that: «Christ became a minister of the circumcised to show God's truthfulness» (Rom 15,8). For God had promised the patriarchs, fathers to the Jews, that he would bless their descendants, who would also become as numerous as the stars of heaven. And this is the reason why the Word, who is God, was manifested in the flesh and became man. He upholds all creation in being and maintains the well-being of all that exists because he is God. But he came into this world when he became incarnate «not to be served» but, as he himself said: «to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many» (Mk 10,45).

Thursday 25 March 2010

Marie des Douleurs - Benedictines of Jesus Crucified

Refer to:

MONDAY, 26 APRIL 2010

After some searching we found book: Joy Out of Sorrow, by Mother Marie des Douleurs, The Sisters of Jesus Crucified, St. John’s Priory, Castle Cary, Somerset, 1965.

(Now moved to USA, see Website - benedictinesjc.org)


In the Introductory Note, Mother marie writes,

“Profound and grand is the life which develops the Sisters and make them live in vivid and full reality their axiom:”Amen, Alleluia!”.

Simplicity, joy and courage are theirs – never better seen than at the moment of death.” (Dec 7, 1957).



Wednesday 24 March 2010

pre-Passion Week

Mass
Wednesday of the Fifth Week of Lent 24 March 2010

  • In the Hymn we sang the words:
  • The King of Kings, and Lord of Lords,
  • and heaven’s eternal light.
  • The Days of Holy Week are well mapped out for each days of Palm Sunday to Easter.
  • The pre-Passion Week days, the Fifth Week of Lent, are also mapped out clearly, the movements of Jesus located between Mt. Olives and the Temple, and the hours named in Chapter 8 of St. John’s Gospel.
  • Sunday, Jn. 8:1, the Mount of Olives, but early in the morning in the temple areas. (The Woman taken in Adultery, 1-11).
  • Monday, Jn. 8:12’Jesus spoke to then again, saying “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me …. Will have the light of life”. (The Light of the World 12-59).
  • The tone is set in the Preface of the Weekday Mass of the Fifth Week of Lent
  • The suffering and death of your Son
  • brought life to the whole world,
  • moving our hearts to praise your glory.
  • The power of the cross reveals your judgment on this world
  • and the kingship of Christ crucified.

For the Penitential Rite we sing the special Lent invocation:


Tuesday 23 March 2010

When you lift up the Son of Man


23 March Tuesday of the Fifth week of Lent

Gospel: Saint John 8:21-30.

Commentary of the day :

Saint Bernard (1091-1153), Cistercian monk and doctor of the Church
Sermon 1 for the first Sunday of November

"When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will realize that I AM"

  • Isaiah the prophet describes an exalted vision for us: «I saw the Lord seated on a throne» (Is 6,1). What a wonderful sight, my brethren! Happy the eyes that saw it! Who would not want with all their heart to behold the splendor of so great a glory?...

  • Yet here I am listening to that same prophet give us an account of a very different vision of the same Lord: «We saw him; he had no beauty, no splendor: we took him for a leper» (Is 53,2f. Vg.)...

  • And so, if you desire to see Jesus in his glory, try first of all to contemplate him in his humiliation. Begin by gazing on the serpent raised up in the desert (cf. Jn 3,14)if you wish to see the King seated on his throne.
  • Let the first vision fill you with humility so that the second may raise you from your humiliation. Let the former reprove and heal your pride before the latter fulfils and satisfies your desire.

  • Do you see the Lord «emptied»? (Phil 2,7). Do not let this vision leave you untouched or you will not be able to behold him later on in the glory of his exaltation without anxiety.

  • You will be like him», indeed, when you see him «as he is» (1Jn 3,2); so be like him now as you see what he became for your sake. If you do not refuse to become like him in his humiliation, he will certainly give you the likeness of his glory in return. He will never allow someone who has shared his Passion to be excluded from communion in his glory.

  • So little does he refuse to admit someone who has shared his Passion into the Kingdom with him that the thief found himself in paradise that very day with him because he confessed him on the cross (Lk 23,42)... Yes indeed, «if we suffer with him, we shall reign with him» (Rom 8,17).

Monday 22 March 2010

COMMENT to COMMENTARY to ‘Reflex’





COMMENT to COMMENTARY to ‘Reflex’

Page LAYOUT by Donald


----- Forwarded Message ----
From: William J
To: Donald
Sent: Sun, March 21, 2010 5:03:37 PM
Subject:
Response: Passion of Mary 'O Lady Mary'

Dear Donald,

How very kind of you to ask of me a commentary on Francis' bewilderingly beautiful poem... I try below to express my thoughts that can never measure up to the vision of his mind.

_ _ _ _

I am delighting in Francis Thompson's exquisite poem "O, Lady Mary", as one who stands before a great canvas and loses oneself in the depth of meaning portrayed by the artist.


1.

O Lady Mary, thy bright crown
Is no mere crown of majesty;
For with the
reflex of His own
Resplendent thorns Christ circled thee.

* * *



2.

The red rose of this Passion-tide
Doth take a deeper hue from thee,
In the five wounds of Jesus dyed,
And in thy
bleeding thoughts, Mary!
* * *



3.
The soldier struck a triple stroke,
That smote thy Jesus on the tree:
He broke the Heart of Hearts, and broke
The Saint's and Mother's hearts in thee.

* * *



4.
Thy Son went up the angels' ways,
His passion ended; but, ah me!
Thou found'st the road of further days
A longer way of Calvary:

* * *


5.
On the hard cross of hope deferred
Thou hung'st in loving agony,
Until the mortal-dreaded word
Which chills our mirth
, spake mirth to thee.

* * *



6.

The angel Death from this cold tomb
Of life did roll the stone away;
And He
thou barest in thy womb
Caught thee at last into the day,
Before the living throne of Whom
The Lights of Heaven burning pray.

It is the canvas of the Crucifixion, Our Lord suffering and dying upon the cross... and as I stand in awe before the scene portrayed, I find myself standing there in the darkness of Calvary at the death of Jesus, my eye drawn to Mary, O Mary...

The picture is filled with deep areas of darkness and intense light. The light which streams upon Jesus from within the storm clouds of heaven, distraught at the suffering of the Son, illuminates the face of his beloved Mother who becomes both the focus of the artist's eye, and of the scene itself as Our Saviour 'breaths his last'.

Mary bears the reflex of the summit of Jesus' agony, his crown of thorns, her face expressing all her pain and sorrow, illuminated by the light that the heavens pour down upon her dear Son, and her distress becomes the reflection of his own.

The agony of Jesus that is portrayed is deepened by the anguish shown by Mary, the rose that falls at her feet from his crown of thorns becomes of a deeper hue, coloured by his blooded agony and her weeping heart's wound.

The soldiers' lance fulfills its cruel deed thrice over, for as it pierces the "Heart of Hearts" of Jesus, it fulfills Simeon's prophecy in Mary of 'the sword that will pierce your own heart', and it pierces the heart of the beloved disciple [of us all who behold this scene], the one 'whom Jesus loved' as John stands devotedly beside the Mother of Jesus, John's face in the shadow of the cross.

At his death Jesus, I see, is released from his earthly torment, but the torment for Mary would live on in her heart, for such images of her suffering Son would never leave her; for whilst she will indeed rejoice on the day of Jesus' resurrection and in the salvation afforded to all, as long as she were to live she would always remember the agony of those hours. As Our Saviour knew, Mary's release from the bonds of mortality alone would bring her relief from her crucifying memory of the death of her dear Son, when she could absorb into her being the joy that overcomes all sorrow, in the embrace of her dear Son, as she is assumed into Heaven to stand before his throne before the lights of Heaven.

The key word for me in this exquisite poem is "reflex", which hold the meaning for me: if we now see a reflection as in a mirror, however darkly, we will one day see 'face to face'. In this poem, Mary is portrayed as the reflection of the agony of her dear Son, and if we may now see and live in that reflection, we too may with her see 'face to face' and reflect the glory of the Lord.

William J. Wardle

Sunday 21 March 2010

Francis Thomptson

COMMENT

CNN.com

Monday, Mar. 16, 1953

FRANCIS THOMPSON & WILFRID MEYNELL (212 pp.)—Viola Meynell—Dutton ($4.50).

In the London winter of 1887, a grubby manuscript fell into the mailbox of the monthly Merry England. Editor Wilfrid Meynell promptly pigeonholed it and did not look at it for six months. By then the author, a certain Francis Joseph Thompson, had disappeared. Letters addressed to him went unanswered. At last Meynell resorted to the oldest author-tracing trick of the trade: he printed one of the submitted poems, The Passion of Mary, and found his poet.

So began an editor-writer relationship which lasted until Poet Thompson's death almost 20 years later. It is the theme of this double memoir by Meynell's daughter Viola, who draws two clear, contrasting portraits of two utterly different characters. Based largely on her father's private papers, her book provides not only a sheaf of new Thompson letters but also evidence that without steady, warmhearted Editor Meynell, Thompson, the poet, might never have existed.

A Wreck of 29. Francis Thompson was the son of a North-country doctor who did his best to give his boy a good start. But his son was one of those people who are too timid to say yes or no in any decision, who allow others to decide for them —and then surreptitiously slide out from under the decision. Dr. Thompson believed that his son was a happy medical student—until he found that Student Thompson never went near the lecture halls if he could help it. Not until a few years later did father Thompson discover that his son was a poet, and cry in anguish: "If the lad had but told me!"

Meantime, Francis Thompson made his home in the streets of London. He picked up an odd penny here & there by holding horses and unloading baggage from cabs. When Editor Meynell found him, he was a wreck of 29, his health half ruined by exposure and laudanum. Thompson, like Meynell, was a Roman Catholic, and it was to a Sussex priory that Meynell first sent him, hoping at least to save his life.

Meynell got more than he bargained for. Tormented by the struggle to break the opium habit, Thompson distracted himself by writing poems, essays and book reviews. He soon became well enough to return to London, where, in 1893, Meynell arranged publication of his first volume, Poems. But those who imagined that he would now become a reformed "success" were sadly mistaken. Thompson went on writing to the day of his death—and spent most of the proceeds on laudanum.

The Hound of Heaven. Much of his day he spent, half-comatose, in bed. When he went out of the house "a stranger figure . . . was not to be seen in London. Gentle in looks, half wild in externals, his face worn by pain and the fierce reactions of laudanum, his hair and straggling beard neglected, he had yet a distinction and aloofness." On the hottest day he wore a huge brown cape and a "disastrous hat"; round his shoulders was slung a fishing creel, in which he placed the books he was given to review. The total effect was that of "some weird pedlar or packman."

And yet Francis Thompson could be the author of one of the few unmistakably great odes in the English language, The Hound of Heaven, in which Thompson himself is the pursued and Christ the pursuer, in which the life-worn fugitive turns in ineffective flight to friendship, children, nature before he surrenders to the Hound of Heaven:

I fled Him, down the nights and down the days;

I fled Him, down the arches of the years;

I fled Him, down the labyrinthine ways

Of my own mind; and in the mist of tears

I hid from Him, and under running laughter.

Up vistaed hopes I sped;

And shot, precipitated,

Adown Titanic glooms of chasméd fears,

From those strong Feet that followed, followed after.

But with unhurrying chase,

And unperturbéd pace,

Deliberate speed, majestic instancy,

They beat—and a Voice beat

More instant than the Feet—

'All things betray thee, who betrayest Me' . . .

A Degree of Agony. Unlike most Englishmen, Francis Thompson had not the least desire to travel, and never so much as crossed the Channel. If he ever felt sexual desire, it was lost in his belief that "all human love ... is a symbol of divine love," and should be treated accordingly. Not all the women he met understood this —particularly the mothers of unmarried daughters. Author Meynell prints the unconsciously funny letter of one anxious mother who feared that her daughter might succumb to Poet Thompson. "It is not in her nature to love you; but I see no reason why some other good woman should not."

When Thompson died at 48 (in 1907, of tuberculosis), his sole belongings were "a few old pipes and old pens lying in a tin lid" and a nondescript collection of clippings from the Daily Mail (e.g., "Mikado Airs on Japanese Warship—Amusing Scenes"; "The Milk Peril, What Hinders Reform"). But by then, thanks in good part to Editor Meynell (who lived on until 1948), he stood second only to William Butler Yeats as the foremost lyricist of his day.

It is hard not to see Thompson's life as a romantic symbol of poetic suffering and despair, but he himself believed that poets suffer less than other men. "The delicate nature," he wrote, "stops at a certain degree of agony, as the delicate piano at a certain strength of touch."

· Find this article at:

· http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,935883,00.html

Friday 19 March 2010

St Joseph by Bernard of Clairvaux

SAINT JOSEPH Solemnity 19 March 2010

Night Office - Second Reading

Husband of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Homily by Saint Bernard (Hom. 2 super Missus est, 11.16: PL 183, 69-70)

v Joseph's character and qualities can be deduced from the fact that God honoured him with the title of father, and, although his doing so was a mere matter of convenience, this was what he was known as and believed to be. Joseph's own name, which as you know means "increase”, supplies further indications. Call to mind the great patriarch of old who was sold into Egypt, and you will realize that it was not only his name that our saint received but also his chastity, innocence, and grace.

v His brothers' envy had caused the earlier Joseph to be sold and taken to Egypt, thus symbolizing the selling of Christ: the later Joseph carried Christ into Egypt, fleeing before Herod's envy.
The former Joseph kept faith with his master and would not become involved with his master's wife, while his namesake faithfully protected his own spouse, the mother of his Lord, acknowledging her virginity and remaining continent himself.
The first Joseph had the gift of interpreting dreams: the second was given a revelation of the divine plan and a share in its accomplishment.

v Joseph the patriarch stored up grain, not for himself but for all the people: our Joseph was given custody of the living bread from heaven to keep safe both for himself and the whole world.

v There is no doubt that the Joseph to whom the Saviour’s mother was engaged was a good and faithful man.
He was, I say, the wise and faithful steward whom the Lord appointed to support his mother and care for himself in childhood, singling him out for his complete reliability to help him with his momentous plan.

v Added to all this, scripture tells us that he was of David's house. Joseph was obviously of David's house, a true descendant of the royal line, a man of noble birth and still nobler disposition. That he was David's son was seen from the fact that he in no way failed to maintain his standard: he was a true son of David not only as regards physical descent, but also in his faith, holiness, and devotion. In him the Lord found, as it were, a second David, a man after his own heart, to whom he could safely confide his most holy and secret design. To him as to another David he revealed the unfathomable, hidden depths of his wisdom, and granted him knowledge of that mystery which was known to none of the princes of this world. In a word, that which many kings and prophets had longed to see and had not seen, to hear and had not heard - that was granted to Joseph. He was all owed not only to see and hear him, but also to carry him, guide his steps, embrace and kiss him, cherish and protect him.

v It is not only Joseph, however, but Mary as well whom we believe to be a descendant of David, for she would not have been engaged to a man of David's line unless she herself had been of that line. Both of them, then, belonged to David's family, but it was in Mary that the oath which the Lord had

v Sworn to David was fulfilled, while Joseph was privy to the promise and witnessed its fulfilment.

Saint Joseph Solemnity

Saint Joseph - Sermon in Chapter 17th March, 2010

Br. Philip

· All that we know for certain of St Joseph is contained in the first two chapters of St. Matthew and St. Luke’s Gospel.

· Matthew’s infancy narrative presents Joseph as an important figure linking Jesus to Israel in order to show that Jesus is the promised Messiah, despite the virginal conception and despite being raised at Nazareth .

· When the Gospel story begins, Joseph had already moved north to work as a builder in Nazareth and it is there he married Mary the Mother of Jesus. In the event that followed the marriage – the census journey to Bethlehem . Christ’s virgin birth there, the flight into Egypt and the return to Nazareth – the evangelists have recorded scarcely any Joseph’s thoughts or reactions. The little they have recorded reveals him as a man of singular uprightness, the patient instrument of God do what is require of him with unquestioning faith.

· The true greatness of Joseph, however, does not lie simply in the life he lived. The New Testament constantly calls him the father of Jesus, and although this does not involve physical generation, it involved more than mere guardianship in God’s place. Joseph was an essential part in the human family in which the Son of God became man, and his relationship with Christ was no less for being virginal than was that of his Virgin Mother.

· This fatherhood Joseph continues to exercise over the Church, in which the mystery of Christ is extended through time.

· The Apostolic Exhortation on St. Joseph entitled “The Guardian of the Redeemer” and issued by Pope John Paul II is the most precise and complete document ever issued by the Holy See on St. Joseph . In that document, it is remarkable the Pope singles out Saint Teresa of Avila and the special impetus she has given to devotion to the head of the Holy Family. The Pope describes his importance Joseph was in daily contact with the mystery ‘hidden from ages past’ and which dwelt under his roof. This explains, for example, why St. Teresa of Jesus, the great reformer of the Carmelites, promoted the renewal of veneration of St. Joseph in Western Christianity.

· St. Teresa tells us, in her 'autobiography', that ‘I began to doubt physicians of earth had recourse of those of heaven’. She especially devoted her prayer to St. Joseph . It was through him, she asserts, she was completely cured of paralysis when she was twenty-seven. Her confidence in the powerful intercession remained limitless. ‘I do not remember asking anything of him that was not granted. God seems to have given other Saints power to help in particular circumstances, but, I know from experience, that this glorious Saint Joseph helps in each and every need’.