Name of Mary

Saturday 12th September

The Most Holy Name of Mary Background In 1513, a feast of "The Holy Name of Mary" was granted by Pope Julius II to the diocese of Cuenta in Spain. It was assigned with proper Office to September 15, the octave day of Our Lady's Nativity. With the reform of the Breviary undertaken by Pope St. Pius V, the feast was abrogated only to be reinstituted by Pope Sixtus V, who changed the date to September 17. From there, the feast spread to all of Spain and to the Kingdom of Naples. Throughout time, permission to celebrate the feast was given to various religious orders. Pope Innocent XI extended "The Feast of the Holy Name of Mary" to the Universal Church. The feast was first celebrated on the Sunday after the Nativity of Mary, Pope St. Pius X [+1914] decreed that it be celebrated on September 12 to commemorate victory over the Turks at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. After a short period when it was removed because it was considered a duplication it of the feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary onSeptember 8, the memorial was restored to September 12. We venerate the name of Mary because it belongs to her who is the Mother of God, the holiest of creatures, the Queen of heaven and earth, the Mother of Mercy. The object of the feast is the Holy Virgin bearing the name of Mirjam (Mary); the feast commemorates all the privileges given to Mary by God and all the graces we have received through her intercession and mediation. Pondering the Meaning of "Mary" The rendering of the name Mary in Hebrew is Miryam and in Aramaic, the spoken language at Our Lady’s time, was Mariam. Derived from the root, merur, the name signifies "bitterness." Throughout the centuries, Saints and scholars have proposed different interpretations for the name "Mary." A mixture of etymology and devotion produced an interesting array of meanings: "Mary means enlightener, because she brought forth the Light of the world. In the Syriac tongue, Mary signifies Lady." [St. Isidore of Seville +636] "Let me say something concerning this name also, which is interpreted to mean Star of the sea,[1] and admirably suits the Virgin Mother." [St. Bernard +1153] "Therefore a certain Star has risen for us today: Our Lady, Saint Mary. Her name means Star of the sea; no doubt the Star of this sea which is the world. Therefore, we ought to lift up our eyes to this Star that has appeared on earth today in order that she may lead us, in order that she may enlighten us, in order that she may show us these steps so that we shall know them, in order that she may help us so that we may be able to ascend. And therefore it is a beautiful thing that Mary is placed in this stairway of which we are speaking, there where we must begin to climb. As the Evangelist says, Jacob begot Joseph, the husband of Mary, so immediately at the very moment of our conversion she appears to us and receives us into her care and enlightens us in her light and accompanies us along this laborious path." [St. Aelred +1167] "Mary means Star of the sea, for as mariners are guided to port by the ocean star, so Christians attain to glory through Mary's maternal intercession." [St. Thomas Aquinas +1274] "This most holy, sweet and worthy name was 'eminently fitted to so holy, sweet and worthy a virgin. For Mary means a bitter sea,[2] star of the sea, the illuminated or illuminatrix.[3] Mary is interpreted Lady. Mary is a bitter sea to the demons; to men she is the Star of the sea; to the Angels she is illuminatrix, and to all creatures she is Lady."[4] [St. Bonaventure +1274] "God the Father gathered all the waters together and called them the seas or maria [Latin, seas]. He gathered all His grace together and called it Mary or Maria . . . This immense treasury is none other than Mary whom the saints call the 'treasury of the Lord.' From her fullness all men are made rich." [St. Louis de Montfort +1716] It is not difficult to see why these various interpretations of the name "Mary" should have been proposed and cherished, for they encapsulate many of our Marian doctrines and beliefs. Among the many, one interpretation for the name "Mary" highlights the relationship of the Blessed Virgin Mary to the Church. It is derived from the Hebrew verb mara, meaning "to be fleshy or robust” and implicitly pointing to Our Lady’s beauty and spiritual fecundity. She is the Tota Pulchra, the Beautiful One. by Sister Danielle Peters [1] The title, "Star of the Sea," dates back to St. Jerome [+420]. It has been said that the great Doctor had originally used the phrase Stilla Maris to describe Mary as a "drop of the sea," the sea being God. A copyist's error, then, could have resulted in stilla [drop] being written down as stella [star]. Of course, the hallowed title, "Star of the Sea," suits Our Lady perfectly. [2] "Bitter sea [mara = bitter; yam = sea]," in addition to the interpretation given by St. Bonaventure, also calls to mind Our Lady's Seven Sorrows and the sword which "pierced" Her soul on Calvary, recalling the lamentation of the mother-in-law of Ruth, who had lost a husband and two sons: "Call me not noemi, [that is, beautiful,] but call me Mara, [that is, bitter,] for the Almighty hath quite filled me with bitterness [Rt. 1: 20]." Maror are "bitter herbs," such as are found on the seder plate at Passover. [3] The "Illuminated" points us to St. John's apocalyptic image of the "Woman clothed with the Sun," a dual image encompassing both, the Catholic Church and Mary, the Mother and Image of the Church. [4] The interpretation "Lady" for Mary was also proposed by St. Jerome, based on the Aramaic word, mar, meaning "Lord." This would render the meaning "Lady" in the regal or noble sense [as in "Lord and Lady."] Catholic sensibility, however, recognizing in Mary the simple dignity of a Mother, as well as the grandeur of a Queen, did not hesitate to add an affectionate touch to this majestic title. Mary is not just "Lady"; She is "Madonna," Notre Dame i.e., she is Our Lady.

With thanks to The Mary Page

This page, maintained by The Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469-1390, and created by Kelly Bodner was last modified Friday, 09/05/2008 14:46:53 EDT by Kelly Bodner. Please send any comments to Johann.Roten@udayton.edu.

URL for this page is http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/mostholyname.html

Nunraw Harvest

Catholic Life (Monthly 1970s). My Way of Prayer No two people pray the same way. But hearing how other people approach prayer can be of great help to us in our own prayer life. This month's contributor to our regular series is DOM DONALD McGLYNN, Abbot of Nunraw the Cistercian Abbey in Scotland THE BEAUTY OF GOD IS THAT he takes us where he finds us. When he finds me at prayer I really do feel for him: how anyone could sort this-lot out! Since he is presented with the jig-saw of the inner me so often it is not for me to complain when Catholic Life asks me the absurd question: "How do you pray?" Ask Princess Anne how she won the Olympic Show jumping, or ask .George the gardener how he grew the prize winning cabbage and you may be sure of an eloquent answer. But that answer may be inspired more by the joy of winning and the interest of others than by the actual jumping or the growing of cabbages. Talking about one's prayer is a kind: of babbling in the same way about something which absorbs one's interest but is no more one's own than the growth of the cabbage. l\1an's to plant and sow and water, but God's alone to give the increase. In the great muddle of my supposed prayer, which at times is literally being all things with all men: saying the Divine Office, sharing in the Rosary, meditating with silent brethren, rejoicing with a charismatic group -- always seem to come back to the quiet time before Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament. The feeling is that this is .the real prayer, And, in fact, in spite, of the silence and nothing happening, it always is the decisive time of prayer. PRACTICAL NECESSITY Prayer is catching and still keeps catching me. It even gets to the point where Christ's "pray without ceasing", and Paul's '''pray constantly" is no longer a kind of wishful ideal but a downright practical necessity. One goes through the day with the secret life of Our Lady's Tumbler-not knowing how to pray but juggling all one does and says into some kind .of continuous stream of prayer. When I get up in the morning and I have to make it a few minutes earlier in order to waken myself up properly, there lies before me not only a whole programme of liturgical prayer, but also all the other comings and goings, of the day. If I don't do something about it, everything is just going to spill on top of ··me .and roll on meaninglessly. So I make a mental jump to the end of the day and .then trace each hour back to the present moment and offer each hour as the embodiment of the wordless prayer of Morning Offering, which is all I can .make at this early hour. Inevitably the very thought of the day ahead is going to remind me of certain people and the stage could be set for a depressing start. Now I have discovered the best way to handle this. Instead of trying to forget the objectionable people I take them one, name by name, and raise each one up in prayer thanking God for them as they are, and allowing him to pro­vide the best means of meeting their needs-and he does provide! But when I am really in a fix, or the task ahead is just too much, it is only in the peace of the Blessed Sacrament that I am always sure of the help I need. Without an hour in his presence it feels as if the decision or the sermon or whatever, is going to be futile or fruitless, It is something new for me - and the charismatic renewal has something to do with it - that this aloneness before God has taken on a new meaning. It is just no longer possible to be alone in that sense. One is so much aware, perhaps as the result of the emphasis on praise and on sharing in group prayer, of everyone else united in the one chorus of praise in the Body of Christ. And at the same time one is aware of a deeper sense of God alone, God as unique, holy, worthy of all our love. BREATH OF THE SPIRIT When people speak of charismatic renewal I suppose this is what they are looking for: a new breath of the Spirit. It is a renewal which regardless of the heap it finds begins to activate it and set in motion every part of one's response to Christ; and. at the same time renews the sense of the Body of Christ in his members. Where the gifts of the Holy Spirit are at work this last aspect is not surprising since it is of their nature, according to St Paul, that such influence of the Holy Spirit is for the common good. As a result one has a greater appreciation and begins to see the tangible possibilities of a new sense of community, the Body of Christ, the sharing of life, spiritual and material, in witness of Christ's love.

Beatitudes

'If we want to know what man really is, in his state of brokenness and fallenness, we must look at Christ in his agony. Ecce homo (John 19:5).'

Gospel Luke 6:20-26

Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. To an age suffering from affectlessness, 'Blessed are those who mourn' is, paradoxically, a more necessary message than 'Rejoice in the Lord always' because there can be no true rejoicing until we have stopped running away from mourning. But this is not the only reason why mourning is pronounced blessed. To pursue the meaning of our beatitude further, we must once again return to the consideration of the whole strategy of redemption. Why was it 'necessary' for the Christ to suffer (Luke 24:26)? Why is it that only those who are willing to take up their cross can be accounted his followers (Matt. 10:38 etc)? What sense is there in St Paul's claiming to be 'filling up what is lacking in the sufferings of Christ' (Col. 1 :24)? Surely there is only one answer to these questions: Christ had to suffer and die because suffering and death were where mankind was. If he was to redeem mankind, he had to go, like the good shepherd, to where the lost sheep was. The point is dramatically made in the story of the harrowing of Hell. That is where man was. That is where Christ went to fetch him.? Any other kind of redemption would have been a fake, it would not have been a true redemption of true mankind. But a similar realism is called for on the part of those to be redeemed. We must acknowledge where we are if we are to be redeemed from there. This is in accordance with man's peculiar position in creation. Man is not just passive, even in his own creation. Man is God's co-worker (cf. 1 Cor. 3:9), he is co-creator even of himself. In St Gre­gory of Nyssa's startling phrase, each man has to be his own begetter." Similarly with redemption. It is not, of 'course, that man has anything of his own to contribute to it independently of God. But, when he is dealing with man, God's act creates a corresponding act in man. God's act does not let man off doing it for himself; it is rather the other way about. 'Work out your own salvation ... because it is God who works within you' (Phil. 2:12f). This means that God's acceptance of our pain, in Christ, creates a corresponding acceptance in us of our own pain. It is because Christ has carried the cross of each one of us that we have to carry our own and one anothers' crosses. Human beings are created interdependent on one another, as we can see even from our biological interconnectedness. We are involved in 'creating' one another. Because of sin, we are also involved in devastating one another. But redemption does not sep­arate us off from one another, however prudent such a move might seem to us; we are involved in redeeming one another. So we are told, 'Carry each other's burdens and in this way you will fulful the law of Christ' (Gal. 6:2). If we want to know what man really is, in his state of brokenness and fallenness, we must look at Christ in his agony. Ecce homo (john 19:5). That is what we are. And it is a double revelation. That is what we are: his agony, his helplessness, his dying, they are all ours. But even worse, that is what we are: we are the people who do that, who kill and torment, who react to love, even to God's love, with that kind of fury, that kind of cruelty, that kind of cynical mockery. Ecce homo. In the light of that, is it not right to weep? In the rather artificial scheme devised by St Augustine for linking the seven beatitudes with the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, this beatitude of the mourners is linked with the gift of knowledge. To know the truth of our human predicament is to know it as something that can be met only with mourning. And this is the kernel of true contrition. It is more than likely that St Matthew was thinking especially of penitential mourning in our beatitude, and it is precisely penitential mourning that results from an honest awareness of what man is and that it is, in one way or another, man himself who has made himself what he is. But yet, blessed are whose who mourn. On the face of it, seeing the human condition clearly for what it is is little more than a formula for despair. The author of 4 Esdras presents himself as replying to a divine communication: This is the first thing I want to say and it is the last: it would have been better for the earth never to have brought Adam forth, or, once he had been brought forth, for him to have been constrained not to sin. What use is that we all live now in sadness and have only punishment to hope for when we are dead But the Christian does not simply see the human condition in itself. In the broken face of a man he sees the broken yet redeeming face of Christ. And, perhaps even more importantly, he knows that he is not alone in his seeing of the human plight. If we are courageous and humble enough to see it clearly for what it is, that very seeing is a way of identifying ourselves with Christ. Our mourning becomes a singularly profound mode of identification with his redeeming suffering of our lot. Simon Tugwell O.P., Reflextions on the Beatitudes, pp, 61-63, DLT London. 1980,.

Birthday of Mary

The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Feast Day
September 8th

From a homily by Blessed Rabanus Maurus (Horn. XXVII: PL 110,54-55)

This day we have been longing for, beloved, this day of Mary ever virgin, Mary blessed and venerable, has come. Let our earth, made illustrious by the birth of this great Virgin, exult with great rejoicing. By her childbearing the nature of creatures was changed and their sin blotted out. For in her God's woeful sentence, In sorrow shall you bring forth children, was rescinded, since she gave birth to the Lord in joy. Eve mourned, Mary rejoiced; Eve bore tears in her womb, Mary joy; for Eve gave birth to a sinner, Mary to one who was guiltless. Moreover, Mary gave birth as a virgin, and after bearing her Son she remained a virgin.

Hail, full of grace, the angel said to her; the Lord is with you. He is with you in your heart, in your womb, and in the assistance and support he gives you. Rejoice, blessed Virgin: Christ the King has come from heaven into your womb. Blessed shall you be among women, for you have given birth to life for men and women alike. The mother of our race brought punishment upon the world; the mother of our Lord brought salvation to the world. Eve killed, Mary gave life, since she replaced dis­obedience by obedience. In joy, therefore, does Mary bring forth her Child, in gladness she embraces her Son, carrying him who carries her. Listen to her as she says: My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord, my spirit rejoices in God my Savior; for he has looked with favor on his lowly servant. From this day all generations will call me blessed, because the Almighty has done great things for me.

Then, after the angel's prophecy of blessing, while the Virgin was silently asking herself what this greeting could mean, the heavenly messenger continued: Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found [auor with God. You will conceive and bear a son, and you shall name him Jesus. How can this be, she said, since I am a virgin? The Holy Spirit will come upon you, the angel answered, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the holy one to be born of you will be called the son of God. Then, without delay, the messenger returned and Christ entered his virginal bridal chamber.

Let us also rejoice on the special day of this great Virgin, who alone among women was found worthy to receive into her holy and chaste body, her virginal womb, the King whom neither the heavens, the earth, nor the sea can contain. May she lovingly intercede for us with her Son, who conducted her with great glory to his heavenly palace where she now lives and reigns with him for ever and ever. Amen.

Deaf Hear, Mute Speak

Homily for the Mass

23^rd Sunday (B)

Mk 7:31-37 He makes the deaf hear and the dumb speak.

The ability to hear and to speak are two great gifts. Like all gifts they can be taken for granted or even misused. They are connected. We see this especially in the case of the elderly. When their hearing goes they retreat into silence. In today’s Gospel the man who came to Jesus was deaf and also had the impediment in his speech. The latter may have been due to part to the former.

We see the trouble Jesus went to on behalf of this poor man, and the care with which he dealt with him. He took him away from the crowd so that he could deal with him in private and give him his undivided attention. Rather than speak to him, he touched his ears and tongue. Thus he made him feel what he could not hear.

The miracle has relevance for us, not because we are deaf or dumb (which happily most of us are not) but precisely because we have the gifts of hearing and speech. The fact that we have these gifts doesn’t mean we use them well. Many people are very poor listeners. And many people have difficulty expressing themselves. We can have ears and refuse to hear, or have a tongue and refuse to speak. So we need the Lords healing touch it we are to use these two precious gifts well.

The miracle is not so much about the physical healing of a man who was deaf or dumb. Rather, it’s about the opening of a person’s ears so that he may be able to hear the word of God; and the loosening of his tongue so that he may be able to profess faith in Jesus. A person could have perfect hearing, and yet not hear the word of God. And a person could have perfect speech, and be unable to make an act of faith.

From very early times the ceremony of touching the ears and the tongue made its way into the rite of Baptism, and is still there to this day. The minister touches the ears and mouth of the person being baptised and says, ‘The Lord Jesus made the deaf hear and dumb speak. May he soon touch yours ears to receive his word, and your mouth to proclaim his faith, to the praise and glory of God the Father.’

We need to be able to hear the word of God. Then we need to be able to profess that word with our lips. Finally, we need to put it into practice in our lives. The word of God, when heard and acted on, is like seed falling on good soil; it makes our lives fruitful.

Fr. Aelred

Ephphatha Mk 7:31-37

A welcome for the Retreat from the Parish of Saint Bernadette's, Erskine.

23rd Sunday in Ordinary Time, Year B

“Ephphatha!”

Mk 7:31-37

St. Thomas Aquinas,

Catena Aurea (Golden Chain),

Mark 7 31-37

31. And again, departing from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, He came unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the coasts of Decapolis.

32. And they bring unto Him one that was deaf, 142 and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech him to put His hand upon him.

33. And He took him aside from the multitude, and put His fingers into his ears, and He spit, and touched His tongue;

34. And looking up to heaven, He sighed, and saith unto him, “Ephphatha,” that is, “Be opened.”

35. And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.

36. And He charged them that they should tell no man: but the more He charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it;

37. And were beyond measure astonished, saying, “He hath done all things well: he maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.”

---

Theophylact: The Lord did not wish to stay in the parts of the Gentiles, lest He should give the Jews occasion to say, that they esteemed Him a transgressor of the law, because He held communion with the Gentiles, and therefore He immediately returns.

Wherefore it is said, “And again departing from the coasts of Tyre, He came through Sidon, to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the borders of Decapolis.”

Bede, in Marc., 2, 31: Decapolis is a region of ten cities, across the Jordan, to the east, over against Galilee [ed. note: It appears, however, from Reland, Pales. v.1, p198, that a portion of Decapolis, including its metropolis, Scythopolis, was on this side Jordan, and therefore this text of St. Mark may be taken literally.] When therefore it is said that the Lord came to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the borders of Decapolis, it does not mean that He entered the confines of Decapolis themselves; for He is not said to have crossed the sea, but rather to have come to the borders of the sea, and to have reached quite up to the place, which was opposite to the midst of the coasts of Decapolis, which were situated at a distance across the sea.

It goes on, “And they bring Him one that was deaf and dumb, and they besought Him to lay hands upon him.”

Theophylact: Which is rightly placed after the deliverance of one possessed with a 143 devil, for such an instance of suffering came from the devil.

There follows, “And He took him aside from the multitude, and put His fingers into his ears.”

Pseudo-Chrys., Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.: He takes the deaf and dumb man who was brought to Him apart from the crowd, that He might not do His divine miracles openly; teaching us to cast away vain glory and swelling of heart, for no one can work miracles as he can, who loves humility and is lowly in his conduct. But He puts His fingers into his ears, when He might have cured him with a word, to shew that His body, being united to Deity, was consecrated by Divine virtue, with all that He did. For since on account of the transgression of Adam, human nature had incurred much suffering and hurt in its members and senses, Christ coming into the world shewed the perfection of human nature in Himself, and on this account opened ears, with His fingers, and gave the power of speech by His spittle.

Wherefore it goes on, “And spit, and touched his tongue.”

Theophylact: That He might shew that all the members of His sacred body are divine and holy, even the spittle which loosed the string of the tongue. For the spittle is only the superflous moisture of the body, but in the Lord, all things are divine.

It goes on, “And looking up to heaven, He groaned, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.”

Bede: He looked up to heaven, that He might teach us that thence is to be procured speech for the dumb, hearing for the deaf, health for all who are sick. And He sighed, not that it was necessary for Him to be any thing from His Father with groaning, for He, together with the Father, gives all things to them who ask, but that He might give us an example of sighing, when for our own errors and those of our neighbours, we invoke the guardianship of the Divine mercy.

Pseudo-Chrys., Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.: He at the same time also groaned, as taking our cause upon Himself and pitying human nature, seeing the misery into which it had fallen.

Bede: But that which He says, “Ephphatha, that is, Be opened,” belong properly to the ears, for the ears are to be opened for hearing, but the tongue to be loosed from the bonds of its impediment, that is may be able to speak.

Wherefore it goes on, “And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.”

Where each nature of one and the same Christ 144 is manifestly distinct, looking up indeed into Heaven as man, praying unto God, He groaned, but presently with one word, as being strong in the Divine Majesty, He healed.

It goes on, “And He charged them that they should tell no man.”

Pseudo-Chrys., Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.: By which He has taught us not to boast in our powers, but in the cross and humiliation. He also bade them conceal the miracle, lest He should excite the Jews by envy to kill Him before the time.

Pseudo-Jerome: A city, however, placed on a hill cannot be hid, and lowliness always comes before glory.

Wherefore it goes on, “but the more He charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it.”

Theophylact: By this we are taught, when we confer benefits on any, by no means to seek for applause and praise; but when we have received benefits, to proclaim and praise our benefactors, even though they be unwilling.

Augustine: If however He, as one Who knew the present and the future wills of men, knew that they would proclaim Him the more in proportion as He forbade them, why did He give them this command? If it were not that He wished to prove to men who are idle, how much more joyfully, with how much greater obedience, they whom He commands to proclaim Him should preach, when they who were forbidden could not hold their peace.

Gloss.: From the preaching however of those who were healed by Christ, the wonder of the multitude, and their praise of the benefits of Christ, increased.

Wherefore it goes on, “And they were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well; he maketh the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.”

Pseudo-Jerome: Mystically, Tyre is interpreted, narrowness, and signifies Judaea, to which the Lord said, “For the bed is grown too narrow,” [Isa 28:20] and from which He turns Himself to the Gentiles. Sidon means, hunting, for our race is like an untamed beast, and “sea”, which means a wavering inconstancy. Again, the Saviour comes to save the Gentiles in the midst of the coasts of Decapolis, which may be interpreted, as the commands of the Decalogue.

Further, the human race throughout its many members is reckoned as one man, eaten up by varying pestilence, in the first created man; it is blinded, that is, its eye is evil; it becomes deaf, when it listens to, and dumb when it speaks, evil. And they prayed Him to lay His hand upon him, because many just men, and 145 patriarchs, wished and longed for the time when the Lord should come in the flesh.

Bede: Or he is deaf and dumb, who neither has ears to hear the words of God, nor opens his mouth to speak them, and such must be presented to the Lord for healing, by men who have already learned to hear and speak the divine oracles.

Pseudo-Jerome: Further, he who obtains healing is always drawn aside from turbulent thoughts, disorderly actions, and incoherent speeches. And the fingers which are put into the ears are the words and the gifts of the Holy Ghost, of whom it is said, “This is the finger of God.” [Ex 8:19; Luke 11:20]

The spittle is heavenly wisdom, which loosens the sealed lips of the human race, so that it can say, I believe in God, the Father Almighty, and the rest of the Creed. “And looking up to heaven, he groaned,” that is, He taught us to groan, and to raise up the treasures of our hearts to the heavens; because by the groaning of hearty compunction, the silly joy of the flesh is purged away. But the ears are opened to hymns, and songs, and psalms; and He looses the tongue, that it may pour forth the good word, which neither threats nor stripes can restrain

Lectionary

Central

for the study and use of the traditional Western Eucharistic lectionary

A very useful reference:

http://www.lectionarycentral.com/trinity12/CatenaAurea.html