Friday 9 January 2015

Introduction Divine Will - Luisa Piccarreta by Fr. Robert Young OFM

1st January 1920
"Each act that the soul does in the Divine Will encloses Jesus, Who remains multiplied in it as in the Sacramental Host". Luisa Piccarreta.[Below]

Introduction Divine Will - Luisa Piccarreta by Fr. Robert Young OFM

  
4,789
Published on 7 Jan 2013
Introduction Divine Will - Luisa Piccarreta by Fr. Robert Young OFM



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COMMENT: Mystics. I would like to check with the Italian translation of this extract...

Divine Will Readings from January
http://bookofheaven.org/divine-will-monthly-readings/the-calendar-november/
The Calendar
Each day of the month of JANUARY - Volume 1-36
from the writings of the Servant of God Luisa Piccarreta

1/1/20 – Vol. 12
Each act that the soul does in the Divine Will encloses Jesus, Who remains multiplied in it as in the Sacramental Host.

Continuing in my usual state, my always lovable Jesus seemed to come out from my interior; and as I looked at Him, I saw Him all wet with tears - even His garments, His Most Holy hands were beaded with tears... What torment! I was shaken, and Jesus told me: "My daughter, how wrecked will the world be! The scourges will flow more painfully than before, to the extent that I do nothing but cry over its sad lot!"

Then He added: "My daughter, my Will is wheel, and whoever enters into It remains entrapped within, to the point of not being able to find a way out; and everything she does remains fixed on the eternal point, and pours into the wheel of Eternity. But do you know what are the garments of the soul who lives in my Will?
They are not of gold, but of most pure Light. This garment of Light will serve as mirror to show all of Heaven how many acts she has done in my Will – because, in each act she has done in my Will, she enclosed Me completely. This garment will be adorned with many mirrors, and in each mirror all of Myself will appear. Therefore, from whatever side they will look at her - from behind, from the front, from the right, from the left - they will see Me, multiplied for as many acts as she did in my Volition. I could not give her a more beautiful garment: it will be the exclusive distinction of the souls who live in my Will."

I remained a little confused in hearing this, and He added: "How is it - do you doubt? Doesn’t the same happen in the Sacramental Hosts? If there are one thousand Hosts, there are one thousand Jesuses, and I communicate my whole self to a thousand; if there are one hundred Hosts, there are one hundred Jesuses, and I can give Myself only to a hundred. In the same way, the soul encloses Me within each act done in my Will, and I remain sealed inside the will of the soul. Therefore, these acts done in my Will are eternal Communions, the species not subject to being consumed as in the Sacramental Hosts. As those species are consumed, my Sacramental Life ends; on the other hand, in the Hosts of my Will there is no flour, or any other matter - the food, the substance of these Hosts of my Will, is my eternal Will Itself, united with the will of the soul, which is eternal with Me; and therefore these two wills are not subject to being consumed. So, what is the wonder, if the whole of my 2 Person will be seen as multiplied for as many acts as she has done in my Will? More so, since I remained sealed in her and she, as many times, in Me. Therefore, the soul too will remain multiplied in Me for as many acts as she has done in my Will. These are the prodigies of my Will - and this is enough to cast any doubt away from you."

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Thursday 8 January 2015

Thursday after Epiphany: Saint Cyril of Alexandria; also prev. MARY, MOTHER OF GOD The most famous Marian homily ...


Breviary

Thursday, 8 January 2015
Thursday after Epiphany
  
       ... recognized Mary's title of Theotokos, Mother of God.     

Dom Donald's Blog: MARY, MOTHER OF GOD The most famous Marian homily ...: Hogmanay New Year CHRISTMASTIDE Octave of Christmas 1 January MARY, MOTHER OF GOD The mos...

Wednesday, 1 January 2014

MARY, MOTHER OF GOD The most famous Marian homily of antiquity



Hogmanay New Year


CHRISTMASTIDE
Octave of Christmas
1 January
MARY, MOTHER OF GOD
The most famous Marian homily of antiquity
From a homily by Saint Cyril of Alexandria
(Hom. 4: PG 77, 991.995-996)
This is the most famous Marian homily of antiquity. It was delivered in the Church of Saint Mary at Ephesus between 23 and 27 June 431, while the third Ecumenical Council was in session there. This Council, at which Cyril presided as papal delegate, condemned Nestorius, and solemnly recognized Mary's title of Theotokos, Mother of God.
Mary, Mother of God, we salute you. Precious vessel, worthy of the whole world's reverence, you are an ever-shining light, the crown of virginity, the symbol of orthodoxy, an indestructible temple, the place that held him whom no place can contain, mother and virgin. Because of you the holy gospels could say:
Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.
We salute you, for in your holy womb he, who is beyond all limitation, was confined. Because of you the holy Trinity is glorified and adored; the cross is called precious and is venerated throughout the world; the heavens exult; the angels and archangels make merry; demons are put to flight; the devil, that tempter, is thrust down from heaven; the fallen race of man is taken up on high; all creatures possessed by the madness of idolatry have attained knowledge of the truth; believers receive holy baptism; the oil of gladness is poured out; the Church is established throughout the world; pagans are brought to repentance.
What more is there to say? Because of you the light of the only-begotten Son of God has shone upon those who sat in darkness and in the shadow of death; prophets pronounced the word of God; the apostles preached salvation to the Gentiles; the dead are raised to life, and kings rule by the power of the holy Trinity.
Who can put Mary's high honour into words? She is both mother and virgin. I am overwhelmed by the wonder of this miracle. Of course no one could be prevented from living in the house he had built for himself, yet who would invite mockery by asking his own servant to become his mother?
Behold then the joy of the whole universe. Let the union of God and man in the Son of the Virgin Mary fill us with awe and adoration. Let us fear and worship the undivided Trinity as we sing the praise of the ever-virgin Mary, the holy temple of God, and of God himself, her Son and spotless Bridegroom. To him be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

iBreviary
http://www.ibreviary.com/m/breviario.php?s=ufficio_delle_lettureSECOND READING

From a commentary on the Gospel of John by Saint Cyril of Alexandria, bishop
(Lib. 5, Cap. 2: PG 73, 751-754)

The gift of the Holy Spirit to all mankind


In a plan of surpassing beauty the Creator of the universe decreed the renewal of all things in Christ. In his design for restoring human nature to its original condition, he gave a promise that he would pour out on it the Holy Spirit along with his other gifts, for otherwise our nature could not enter once more into the peaceful and secure possession of those gifts.

He therefore appointed a time for the Holy Spirit to come upon us: this was the time of Christ’s coming. He gave this promise when he said: In those days, that is, the days of the Savior, I will pour out a share of my Spirit on all mankind.

When the time came for this great act of unforced generosity, which revealed in our midst the only-begotten Son, clothed with flesh on this earth, a man born of woman, in accordance with Holy Scripture, God the Father gave the Spirit once again. Christ, as the first fruits of our restored nature, was the first to receive the Spirit. John the Baptist bore witness to this when he said: I saw the Spirit coming down from heaven, and it rested on him.

Christ “received the Spirit” in so far as he was man, and in so far as man could receive the Spirit. He did so in such a way that, though he is the Son of God the Father, begotten of his substance, even before the incarnation, indeed before all ages, yet he was not offended at hearing the Father say to him after he had become man: You are my Son; today I have begotten you.

The Father says of Christ, who was God, begotten of him before the ages, that he has been “begotten today,” for the Father is to accept us in Christ as his adopted children. The whole of our nature is present in Christ, in so far as he is man. So the Father can be said to give the Spirit again to the Son, though the Son possesses the Spirit as his own, in order that we may receive the Spirit in Christ. The Son therefore took to himself the seed of Abraham, as Scripture says, and became like his brothers in all things.

The only-begotten Son received the Spirit, but not for his own advantage, for the Spirit is his, and is given in him and through him, as we have already said. He receives it to renew our nature in its entirety and to make it whole again, for in becoming man he took our entire nature to himself. If we reason correctly, and use also the testimony of Scripture, we can see that Christ did not receive the Spirit for himself, but rather for us in him; for it is also through Christ that all gifts come down to us.

RESPONSORY
Ezekiel 37:27-28; Hebrews 8:8


I will be their God and they shall be my people.
 The nations shall know that I am the Lord, the Sanctifier of Israel,
when my holiness will be established in their midst for all eternity.

I shall bring to fulfillment my new convenant
with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah.
 The nations shall know that I am the Lord, the Sanctifier of Israel,
when my holiness will be established in their midst for all eternity.

CONCLUDING PRAYER

Let us pray.

God our Father,
through Christ your Son
the hope of eternal life dawned on our world.
Give to us the light of faith
that we may always acknowledge him as our Redeemer,
and come to the glory of his kingdom,
where he lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit,
one God, for ever and ever.
 Amen.


Wednesday 7 January 2015

Star light on the Epiphany. COMMENT on the Epiphany. Fr. Raymond Homily...

Nativity - Magi, by William Hole
COMMENT of William J. to Fr Raymond’s Homily 

Re: Star light on the Epiphany
On Monday, 5 January 2015, 15:20, William J.  wrote:

Dear Wise Men,
If I may, as a pilgrim at-a-distance on a hilltop near Bethlehem, I should love to comment on Father Raymond's homily, which might bear the title of "The Seekers", whether they be drawn by angels or drawn by the star (by the personal intuition given by the Spirit, or through the pronouncements of the universal Church).
The desire of all of our lives is on display in the Crib scene, and how great the individual urgency of all comers: "In this wonderful event we are invited by the Holy Spirit to realize and to appreciate the searching and seeking that goes on the minds and hearts of all men of good will". Father Raymond will have met thousands of humble 'shepherds', from the poorest tenements of the cities, to hundreds of 'wise men' from amongst devoted Catholics or visiting clerics, arriving at the door of the Guest House, seeking the presence of the Lord in the poor or lonely stables of their own hearts, searching for both the event and the meaning of the Nativity in their own lives.
I have often pondered as to how the shepherds progressed in their belief of the Messiah; they returned to their hillsides, the hermits of the Church; and the wise men, taken on a much more worldly journey, the Pastors of the Church. "The Church IS Epiphany. WE are Epiphany. It is another way of saying that the Church is missionary". If you (and I perhaps) are the 'hermits', then our lives of devotion are the all-seeing-eyes of Faith shared with others in the close encounter of the stable: if they, the wise men on their outward journey, travelling across the world, theirs is the voice of the Church, expressed in public worship and witness - yet relying upon the security of the deposit of faith held in the stable as witnessed by and through the shepherds.
Faith is never 'limited' to the faithful few - for Our Lord is never 'delimited' within any human confines: "God Himself is with these Gentiles of all time; his loving providence guiding them and providing signs and clues to lead them to the truth". It is the part of both shepherds and wise men (angels especially!) to reveal the "signs and clues", none greater than the witness provided by the Crib scene... the desire of all our lives there on display.   
I would expand my 'comment' by telling of how I have been caught-up in a passage describing the "Ethics" of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a martyr in Nazi Germany (my Christmas gift from the Osteopaths where I am training a receptionist to take on their accountancy). In the book an editorial commentary describes his Christology, given that he was striving in a world of inhumanity: Bonhoeffer there reverses an ancient theological dictum (Athanasius and Augustine) that God became human that humans might become divine: rather. he argues, God became human so that human beings could become truly human, recovering their lost humanity through the mediation of Christ - their true dignity to be truly human, as Jesus, who was truly human; for by God's becoming human in Jesus Christ the world and humanity are reconciled to God. That is the Crib scene, pure and simple....
And that is seen in the Nativity scene as the wise men arrive! "The searching and seeking that goes on the minds and hearts of all men of good will" is indeed for the Presence of God in our lives, but it expands to the fulfilment of our desire in the lives of others. Whether 'hermits' (shepherds) or 'wise men' (pastors) or indeed 'angels' (!), we are indeed drawn into the universality of the message of the Nativity of Our Lord and God. 

Thank you - what a wonderful meditation you have granted me, Father Raymond, and by Bother Seamus' encouragement, and through Father Donald's Blog!
I think I am content to remain but a shepherd, lingering by the door of the stable: the star has faded, the wise men have departed, and I am left in wonderment for the world...
 With my love in Christ Our Lord.
William
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Dom Donald's Blog: 2/4 January 2015, the Epiphany. Fr. Raymond Homily...: Mass Homily, by Fr. Raymond   Our Crib: Nativity figures play their parts. The Epiphany Star features Scripture and Liturgy Subject: ...



Jesuits help Father Brown get it right - Independent Catholic News

 Christmas Reviewed: Looking behind and ahead
Dear Catholic Culture . .,
In this first Insights message of 2015, the most important thing to note is that we Catholics should be still celebrating Christmas. How quickly we forget!
So let's remember:
Christmas does not end until The Baptism of the Lord on January 11th. Why not do at least three things to keep the spirit of Christmas alive in your family between now and then?
Contemplate the Christmas mysteries. Jennifer Gregory Miller recommends this focus: He Is Light and PeaceAlso consider:
Pope Francis to the City and the World (Urbi et Orbi): Jesus Is the Salvation for Every Person and for Every People
Francis on the Feast of the Holy FamilyLarge Families Are the Hope of Society

Francis on the Solemnity of Mary Mother of GodJesus Cannot Be Understood Without His Mother.
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Jesuits help Father Brown get it right | Farm Street, Jesuit Church, Tony Nye, media, TV, broadcasting, Fr Brown, G K Chesterton, drama
Jesuits help Father Brown get it right - Independent Catholic News 

Jesuits help Father Brown get it right
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Jesuits help Father Brown get it right | Farm Street, Jesuit Church, Tony Nye, media, TV, broadcasting, Fr Brown, G K Chesterton, drama
A London-based Jesuit has acted as religious adviser in the third series of BBC Drama, Father Brown, which began airing on BBC1 this week. Father Tony Nye SJ of Farm Street Jesuit Church was invited to vet the scripts and attend recordings of the TV series based on the character created by GK Chesterton, to ensure authenticity and accuracy in the portrayal of a Catholic priest in the days before the Second Vatican Council.
Father Brown is a fictional character created based on Fr John O’Connor who was born in 1870 and died in 1952. He was a parish priest in Bradford who was involved in the conversion of novelist Chesterton to Catholicism in 1922. Fr Brown went on to feature in 51 detective short stories by GK Chesterton, which have been adapted into productions for television, film and radio. Actors who have played the “short, stumpy Roman Catholic Church priest, with shapeless clothes and a large umbrella”, have included Sir Alec Guinness, Kenneth More and Andrew Sachs. In the current BBC adaptation, the role is taken by Mark Williams.
In the second series of Father Brown broadcast in 2014, its audience reach was almost 25% of the afternoon TV viewing audience (1.9m). The show is a co-production between BBC Worldwide and BBC Drama Production and is made by BBC Birmingham Drama Village. Executive producer Will Trotter describes it as “compulsive viewing” for BBC One Daytime. “The success of this second series has proved that viewers have really taken Mark Williams as Father Brown to their hearts,” he says. “We are delighted that we can continue to bring such a well-loved character to life.”
Father Nye entered the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) in 1955 and was ordained as a priest in 1966. "The scripts were set in the 1950s," he says, "and I tried to make sure they were as faithful to pre-Vatican II as I remembered those times, through my comments and requests for changes. Especially important was to make the drama authentically Catholic on theological points, such as use of the confessional, prayers for the dead (there would be a number of corpses lying about!), the use of Latin and of the Douai Bible when Scripture was quoted."
Certain Anglican terms such as 'vestry' had to be changed to 'sacristy', Fr Nye noted; and the old village church, which was used as a location, had to have old monuments covered up to make it more authentically a Catholic church. "Having watched the episode on TV, I found Father Brown real and acted by Mark Williams in an engaging and understated way, by no means a caricature," he says. "His cassock and soup plate hat wouldn't be the regular gear of many priests of the time, but I let that pass for its dramatic value of character recognition. And the atmosphere was suitably 1950s, something the BBC does very well. The plots may not have been Chesterton, but they made pleasant afternoon viewing."
The Father Brown of GK Chesterton’s short stories not only carries out his normal duties as a Catholic priest: he also gets involved with solving crimes. In ‘The Man in the Shadows’, the first episode of series three (broadcast on 5 January 2015), Father Brown gets involved with MI5, which places fellow villager, Lady Felicia, in a compromising situation.
Source: Jesuits in Britain  

Tuesday 6 January 2015

Dom Donald's Blog: Epiphany - Symphony of synonyms,

Dom Donald's Blog: Epiphany - Symphony of synonyms,: Thursday after Epiphany – Community Mass. We had the Solemnity of the Epiphany on Sunday. But today, 6 th January,   th...

Monday 5 January 2015

G.K. Chesterton 'Many notes at Christmas'. Part 2 of "The God in the Cave"

  Night Office Readings,  

Comment: 
"I do not know what Confucius would have done with the Bambino, had it come to life in his arms as it did in the arms of St. Francis." GKC 



Monday, 05 January 2015

Monday after Epiphany

First Reading
Isaiah 61:1-11
Responsory          Is 61:1; In 8:42
The Spirit of God rests upon me, for the Lord has anointed me; he has sent me to bring good news to the poor, + to heal the broken-hearted, to proclaim that captivity is now ended and prisoners are set free.
V. I have come forth from God and have come into the world. I did not come of myself; the Father has sent me. + To heal the ...

Second Reading
From the writings of G.K. Chesterton
(The Everlasting Man Part II, chapter 1)

Many notes at Christmas

It is still a strange story, though an old one, how the wise men came out of orient lands, crowned with the majesty of kings and clothed with something of the mystery of magicians. That truth that is tradition has wisely remembered them almost as unknown quantities, as mysterious as their mysterious and melodious names: Melchior, Caspar, Balthazar. But there came with them all that world of wisdom that had watched the stars in Chaldea and the sun in Persia; and we shall not be wrong if we see in them the same curiosity that-moves all the sages. They would stand for the same human ideal if their names had really been Confucius or Pythagoras or Plato. They were those who sought not tales but the truth of things; and since their thirst for truth was itself a thirst for God, they also have had their reward. But even in order to understand that reward, we must understand that for philosophy as much as mythology, that reward was the completion of the incomplete.

Such learned men would doubtless have come, as these learned men did come, to find themselves confirmed in much that was true in their own traditions and right in their own reasoning. Confucius would have found a new foundation for the family in the very reversal of the Holy Family; Buddha would have looked upon a new renunciation, of stars rather than jewels and divinity than royalty. These learned men would still have the right to say, or rather a new right to say, that there was truth in their old teaching. But, after all, these learned men would have come to learn. They would have come to complete their conception with something they had not yet conceived; even to balance their imperfect universe with something they might once have contradicted. Buddha would have come from his impersonal paradise to worship a person. Confucius would have come from his temples of ancestor-worship to worship a child.

The magi, who stand for mysticism and philosophy, are truly conceived as seeking something new and even as finding something unexpected. That tense sense of crisis which still tingles in the Christmas story accentuates the idea of a search and a discovery. For the other mystical figures in the miracle play, for the angel and the mother, the shepherds and the soldiers of Herod, there may be aspects both simpler and more supernatural, more elemental and more emotional. But the wise men must be seeking wisdom; and for them there must be a light also in the intellect. For it is the paradox of that group in the cave, that while our emotions about it are of childish simplicity, our thoughts about it can branch with a neverending complexity.

The unique note of Christmas is the simultaneous striking of many notes: of humility, of gaiety, of gratitude, of mystical fear, but also of vigilance and of drama. By the very nature of the story the rejoicings in the cavern were rejoicings in a fortress or an outlaw's den; properly understood it is not unduly flippant to say they were rejoicings in a dugout. It is not only true that such a subterranean chamber was a hiding-place from enemies, and that the enemies were already scouring the stony plain that lay above it like a sky. It is not only true that the very horse-hoofs of Herod might have passed like thunder over the sunken head of Christ. It is also that there is in that image a true idea of an outpost, of a piercing through the rock and an entrance into enemy territory. There is in this buried divinity an idea of undermining the world, of shaking the towers and palaces from below, even as Herod the great king felt that earth­quake under him and swayed with his swaying palace.


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Part 2 of "The God in the Cave"
We all know that the popular presentation of this popular story, in so many miracle plays and carols, has given to the shepherds the costume, the language, and the landscape of the separate English and European countryside. We all know that one shepherd will talk in a Somerset dialect or another talk of driving his sheep from Conway towards the Clyde. Most of us know by this time bow true is that error, how wise, how artistic, how intensely Christian and Catholic is that anachronism. But some who have seen it in these scenes of medieval rusticity have perhaps not seen it in another sort of poetry, which it is sometimes the fashion to call artificial rather 
than artistic. 

I fear that many modem critics Will see only a faded classicism in the fact that men like Crashaw and Herrick conceived the shepherds of Bethlehem under the form of the shepherds of Virgil. Yet they were profoundly right; and in turning their Bethlehem play into a Latin Eclogue they took up one of the most important links in human history. Virgil, as we have already seen, does stand for all that saner heathenism that had overthrown the insane heathenism of human sacrifice; but the very fact that even the Virgilian virtues and the sane heathenism were in incurable decay is the whole problem to which the revelation to the shepherds is the solution.
 

Sunday 4 January 2015

2/4 January 2015, the Epiphany. Fr. Raymond Homily

Mass Homily, by Fr. Raymond  
Our Crib: Nativity figures play their parts.
The Epiphany Star features Scripture and Liturgy

Subject: Epiphany

The Liturgy speaks of three Epiphanies
The Adoration of the Magi, when the Gentile Nations recognised the Messiah; 
the first public miracle at the Marriage Feast of Cana,  when the water blushed into wine, as the antiphon so picturesquely says;   
and lastly the Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan, when the Father's voice proclaimed "This is my beloved Son!

However if we wish to confine the Mystery of the Epiphany to God’s opening up of the gospel to all nations, then we must focus on the first of these three scenes, The Coming of the Magi seeking Him who was born King of the Jews. The Old Testament foreshadowings of this mystery stretch from the enigmatic figure of Melchidezech to the even more enigmatic figure of Balaam and his wonderful blessings and prophecies and through all the gentile figures in the lineage of the Christ Himself. These stretch from the Canaanite wife of Judah to the Moabite woman Ruth and goodness knows how many others. 

It is to the Prophets we must turn however to find the most explicit teaching of the gathering of the Gentiles into the Family of God. Today’s Liturgy is full of it. "Arise and shine Jerusalem ... The Nations shall come to your light, kings to your dawning brightness. Lift up your eyes and look around. All are assembling and coming towards you.”  This aspect of the Christian Mystery is of course a perennial one. The Church IS Epiphany. WE are Epiphany. It is another way of saying that the Church is missionary. WE are missionary.

But Today’s Feast says something more. Let us be careful to note that it was not the Holy Family that went out on a 'mission' seeking the Wise Men. No, it was the Wise Men who came seeking the Child who was born to be King.

In this wonderful event we are invited by the Holy Spirit to realize and to appreciate the searching and seeking that goes on the minds and hearts of all men of good will, whatever their religion. And even more are we invited by today’s mysterious events to ponder how God Himself is with these Gentiles of all time; his loving providence guiding them and providing signs and clues to lead them to the truth. 

          Raymond      

Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan
       



Saturday 3 January 2015

Jerusalem: Latin Patriarch's homily for 1 January - Independent Catholic News


   Patriarch Twal’s homily for the World Day of Peace  


Jerusalem: Latin Patriarch's homily for 1 January - Independent Catholic News 

Jerusalem: Latin Patriarch's homily for 1 January
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Here below is the full text of Patriarch Twal’s homily for the World Day of Peace and the Solemnity of Mary Mother of God on January 1, 2015, at the Co-Cathedral of the Latin Patriarchate.
Dear Brothers in the Episcopate,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Fathers and Sisters,
And all of you who make up the larger family of the Holy Land,

At the dawn of this New Year, we celebrate World Day of Peace, which has as its theme: “No longer slaves, but brothers and sisters.”
A day whose importance is all the greater at this time, when our world is subject to unspeakable violence. Today, the Church reminds us that we are all her children, children of the same Father and sons of the same Mother, whom Christ gave to us at the foot of the Cross on Mount Calvary, just a short distance from here. We are now part of one and the same family, a family nourished by the same Blood, the Blood that our Saviour shed for us and filled with the same Spirit received in the Upper Room (Cenacle).Pope Francis today invites us to meditate upon this blood relationship which is ours, reminding us that “We are no longer slaves” but that we are “brothers.” (Philemon 1:16)
The Church, today more than ever, exhorts us to live the Message of the Gospel, the Message of Love and Brotherhood that our Lord Jesus left to us on this Land, torn apart by endless conflict. To be the sons of God is what gives all human beings equal dignity. “Slavery deals a murderous blow to this fundamental fraternity, and so to peace as well.